← All Chapters The Book of Song of Solomon · Chapter 1

Song of Solomon 1: Better Than Wine

The Bride awakens to longing, praises her beloved above all, and the lovers begin to sing of one another's beauty and delight.

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Song of Solomon 1 (WEB)

1 The Song of songs, which is Solomon’s. Beloved

2 Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth; for your love is better than wine.

3 Your oils have a pleasing fragrance. Your name is oil poured out, therefore the virgins love you.

4 Take me away with you. Let us hurry. The king has brought me into his rooms. Friends We will be glad and rejoice in you. We will praise your love more than wine! Beloved They are right to love you.

5 I am dark, but lovely, you daughters of Jerusalem, like Kedar’s tents, like Solomon’s curtains.

6 Don’t stare at me because I am dark, because the sun has scorched me. My mother’s sons were angry with me. They made me keeper of the vineyards. I haven’t kept my own vineyard.

7 Tell me, you whom my soul loves, where you graze your flock, where you rest them at noon; For why should I be as one who is veiled beside the flocks of your companions? Lover

8 If you don’t know, most beautiful among women, follow the tracks of the sheep. Graze your young goats beside the shepherds’ tents.

9 I have compared you, my love, to a steed in Pharaoh’s chariots.

10 Your cheeks are beautiful with earrings, your neck with strings of jewels.

11 We will make you earrings of gold, with studs of silver. Beloved

12 While the king sat at his table, my perfume spread its fragrance.

13 My beloved is to me a sachet of myrrh, that lies between my breasts.

14 My beloved is to me a cluster of henna blossoms from the vineyards of En Gedi. Lover

15 Behold, you are beautiful, my love. Behold, you are beautiful. Your eyes are doves. Beloved

16 Behold, you are beautiful, my beloved, yes, pleasant; and our couch is verdant. Lover

17 The beams of our house are cedars. Our rafters are firs.

Summary

The book opens by naming itself the song of songs, the finest of all, attributed to Solomon. At once the Bride bursts into longing, wishing for her beloved's kiss and declaring his love better than wine and his name like fragrant oil poured out. She asks to be drawn away with him, and the friends rejoice with her, praising his love. Turning to the daughters of Jerusalem, the Bride speaks honestly of herself—dark from working in the sun, set by her brothers to keep the vineyards while neglecting her own. She seeks her shepherd-beloved, asking where he grazes his flock at noon, and he answers with the first of many tender praises, comparing her beauty to a mare among Pharaoh's chariots and promising her ornaments of gold and silver. The two trade adoring words: he calls her beautiful, her eyes like doves; she calls him pleasant, their couch verdant and the beams of their house cedar. From the very first chapter the Song establishes its themes of desire, mutual praise, and the goodness of love between the two.

Main Characters

  • The Bride (the Beloved) — The young woman who opens the Song with longing, speaks candidly of herself to the daughters of Jerusalem, and seeks her shepherd-beloved.
  • The Bridegroom (the Lover) — The beloved, both king and shepherd, who answers her seeking and praises her beauty, likening her to a mare among Pharaoh's chariots.
  • The daughters of Jerusalem (Friends) — The chorus of young women who rejoice with the Bride and praise the beloved's love along with her.

Key Verse

Song of Solomon 1:2 (WEB)

Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth; for your love is better than wine.

Lessons Learned

  • Longing and desire within covenant love are good and worthy of celebration.
  • Love speaks honestly, even about insecurities and the marks life has left on us.
  • Mutual praise builds up the beloved and delights in the whole person.
  • True love seeks out the beloved rather than waiting passively.
  • Love delights openly. The Bride sings, “your love is better than wine” (Song 1:2, WEB). Covenant love is not embarrassed to rejoice in the beloved.
  • A good name is fragrant. “Your name is oil poured out” (Song 1:3, WEB). The beloved's character and reputation are as attractive as his presence.
  • Honesty has a place in love. The Bride admits, “I am dark, but lovely” (Song 1:5, WEB), and speaks of neglected vineyards. Love welcomes the truth about ourselves.
  • Praise is mutual. He says, “you are beautiful, my love” (Song 1:15, WEB), and she answers, “you are beautiful, my beloved” (1:16). Love returns honor for honor.
  1. How does the Bride describe her longing for her beloved in the opening verses?
  2. What does the Bride reveal about herself to the daughters of Jerusalem, and why might she speak so honestly?
  3. How do the beloved and the Bride praise one another in this chapter?
  4. What does it mean that the beloved's love is “better than wine” and his name “oil poured out” (1:2-3)?
  5. Where in your own relationships might you grow in honest, generous praise of those you love?
  1. The Bride longs for her beloved's kiss and declares his love better than wine and his name fragrant as oil (1:2-3). Her desire is open and unashamed, setting the tone for a book that celebrates love as a good gift.
  2. She admits she is dark from the sun, set by her brothers to keep the vineyards while neglecting her own (1:5-6). Her candor models a love that does not hide behind a false image but speaks truthfully, trusting in the beloved's regard.
  3. He likens her to a mare among Pharaoh's chariots and calls her eyes doves; she calls him pleasant and their home one of cedar and fir (1:9-17). The praise flows both ways, each honoring the other.
  4. Wine gladdens and oil refreshes and lingers; so does the beloved's love and reputation. Help the group see that what attracts in true love is both presence and character—the person and the good name.
  5. This is a personal-application question. Invite members to consider a relationship where they could speak more honest and more generous words of affirmation. As leader, keep the tone warm and avoid pressing anyone to disclose more than they wish.

Scripture quotations are from the World English Bible (WEB), the King James Version (KJV), and the American Standard Version (ASV), all of which are in the public domain.