← All Chapters The Book of Deuteronomy · Chapter 28

Deuteronomy 28: Blessings and Curses

Moses lays out in vivid detail the abundant blessings of obedience and the devastating curses of covenant unfaithfulness.

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Deuteronomy 28 (WEB)

1 It shall happen, if you shall listen diligently to Yahweh your God’s voice, to observe to do all his commandments which I command you this day, that Yahweh your God will set you high above all the nations of the earth.

2 All these blessings will come upon you, and overtake you, if you listen to Yahweh your God’s voice.

3 You shall be blessed in the city, and you shall be blessed in the field.

4 You shall be blessed in the fruit of your body, the fruit of your ground, the fruit of your animals, the increase of your livestock, and the young of your flock.

5 Your basket and your kneading trough shall be blessed.

6 You shall be blessed when you come in, and you shall be blessed when you go out.

7 Yahweh will cause your enemies who rise up against you to be struck before you. They will come out against you one way, and will flee before you seven ways.

8 Yahweh will command the blessing on you in your barns, and in all that you put your hand to. He will bless you in the land which Yahweh your God gives you.

9 Yahweh will establish you for a holy people to himself, as he has sworn to you, if you shall keep the commandments of Yahweh your God, and walk in his ways.

10 All the peoples of the earth shall see that you are called by Yahweh’s name, and they will be afraid of you.

11 Yahweh will grant you abundant prosperity, in the fruit of your body, in the fruit of your livestock, and in the fruit of your ground, in the land which Yahweh swore to your fathers to give you.

12 Yahweh will open to you his good treasure in the sky, to give the rain of your land in its season, and to bless all the work of your hand. You will lend to many nations, and you will not borrow.

13 Yahweh will make you the head, and not the tail. You will be above only, and you will not be beneath; if you listen to the commandments of Yahweh your God, which I command you this day, to observe and to do,

14 and shall not turn aside from any of the words which I command you this day, to the right hand, or to the left, to go after other gods to serve them.

15 But it shall come to pass, if you will not listen to Yahweh your God’s voice, to observe to do all his commandments and his statutes which I command you this day, that all these curses will come on you, and overtake you.

16 You will be cursed in the city, and you will be cursed in the field.

17 Your basket and your kneading trough will be cursed.

18 The fruit of your body, the fruit of your ground, the increase of your livestock, and the young of your flock will be cursed.

19 You will be cursed when you come in, and you will be cursed when you go out.

20 Yahweh will send on you cursing, confusion, and rebuke, in all that you put your hand to do, until you are destroyed, and until you perish quickly; because of the evil of your doings, by which you have forsaken me.

21 Yahweh will make the pestilence cling to you, until he has consumed you from off the land, where you go in to possess it.

22 Yahweh will strike you with consumption, with fever, with inflammation, with fiery heat, with the sword, with blight, and with mildew. They will pursue you until you perish.

23 Your sky that is over your head will be brass, and the earth that is under you will be iron.

24 Yahweh will make the rain of your land powder and dust. It will come down on you from the sky, until you are destroyed.

25 Yahweh will cause you to be struck before your enemies. You will go out one way against them, and will flee seven ways before them. You will be tossed back and forth among all the kingdoms of the earth.

26 Your dead body will be food to all birds of the sky, and to the animals of the earth; and there will be no one to frighten them away.

27 Yahweh will strike you with the boils of Egypt, with the tumors, with the scurvy, and with the itch, of which you can not be healed.

28 Yahweh will strike you with madness, with blindness, and with astonishment of heart.

29 You will grope at noonday, as the blind gropes in darkness, and you shall not prosper in your ways. You will only be oppressed and robbed always, and there will be no one to save you.

30 You will betroth a wife, and another man shall lie with her. You will build a house, and you won’t dwell in it. You will plant a vineyard, and not use its fruit.

31 Your ox will be slain before your eyes, and you will not eat any of it. Your donkey will be violently taken away from before your face, and will not be restored to you. Your sheep will be given to your enemies, and you will have no one to save you.

32 Your sons and your daughters will be given to another people. Your eyes will look, and fail with longing for them all day long. There will be no power in your hand.

33 A nation which you don’t know eat the fruit of your ground and all of your work. You will only be oppressed and crushed always;

34 so that the sights that you see with your eyes will drive you mad.

35 Yahweh will strike you in the knees and in the legs with a sore boil, of which you can not be healed, from the sole of your foot to the crown of your head.

36 Yahweh will bring you, and your king whom you will set over yourselves, to a nation that you have not known, you nor your fathers. There you will serve other gods of wood and stone.

37 You will become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword among all the peoples where Yahweh will lead you away.

38 You will carry much seed out into the field, and will gather little in; for the locust will consume it.

39 You will plant vineyards and dress them, but you will neither drink of the wine, nor harvest, because worms will eat them.

40 You will have olive trees throughout all your borders, but you won’t anoint yourself with the oil; for your olives will drop off.

41 You will father sons and daughters, but they will not be yours; for they will go into captivity.

42 Locusts will consume all of your trees and the fruit of your ground.

43 The foreigner who is in your midst will mount up above you higher and higher, and you will come down lower and lower.

44 He will lend to you, and you won’t lend to him. He will be the head, and you will be the tail.

45 All these curses will come on you, and will pursue you, and overtake you, until you are destroyed; because you didn’t listen to Yahweh your God’s voice, to keep his commandments and his statutes which he commanded you.

46 They will be for a sign and for a wonder to you and to your seed forever.

47 Because you didn’t serve Yahweh your God with joyfulness, and with gladness of heart, by reason of the abundance of all things;

48 therefore you will serve your enemies whom Yahweh sends against you, in hunger, in thirst, in nakedness, and in lack of all things. He will put an iron yoke on your neck, until he has destroyed you.

49 Yahweh will bring a nation against you from far, from the end of the earth, as the eagle flies; a nation whose language you will not understand;

50 a nation of fierce facial expressions, that doesn’t respect the elderly, nor show favor to the young,

51 and they will eat the fruit of your livestock, and the fruit of your ground, until you are destroyed. They also won’t leave you grain, new wine, or oil, the increase of your livestock, or the young of your flock, until they have caused you to perish.

52 They will besiege you in all your gates, until your high and fortified walls come down, in which you trusted, throughout all your land. They will besiege you in all your gates throughout all your land, which Yahweh your God has given you.

53 You will eat the fruit of your own body, the flesh of your sons and of your daughters, whom Yahweh your God has given you, in the siege and in the distress with which your enemies will distress you.

54 The man who is tender among you, and very delicate, his eye will be evil toward his brother, toward the wife whom he loves, and toward the remnant of his children whom he has remaining;

55 so that he will not give to any of them of the flesh of his children whom he will eat, because he has nothing left to him, in the siege and in the distress with which your enemy will distress you in all your gates.

56 The tender and delicate woman among you, who would not venture to set the sole of her foot on the ground for delicateness and tenderness, her eye will be evil toward the husband that she loves, toward her son, toward her daughter,

57 toward her young one who comes out from between her feet, and toward her children whom she bears; for she will eat them secretly for lack of all things, in the siege and in the distress with which your enemy will distress you in your gates.

58 If you will not observe to do all the words of this law that are written in this book, that you may fear this glorious and fearful name, YAHWEH YOUR GOD;

59 then Yahweh will make your plagues fearful, and the plagues of your seed, even great plagues, and of long duration, and severe sicknesses, and of long duration.

60 He will bring on you again all the diseases of Egypt, which you were afraid of; and they will cling to you.

61 Also every sickness and every plague, which is not written in the book of this law, Yahweh will bring them on you, until you are destroyed.

62 You will be left few in number, even though you were as the stars of the sky for multitude; because you didn’t listen to Yahweh your God’s voice.

63 It will happen that as Yahweh rejoiced over you to do you good, and to multiply you, so Yahweh will rejoice over you to cause you to perish, and to destroy you. You will be plucked from off of the land where you go in to possess it.

64 Yahweh will scatter you among all peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end of the earth. There you will serve other gods, which you have not known, you nor your fathers, even wood and stone.

65 Among these nations you will find no ease, and there will be no rest for the sole of your foot; but Yahweh will give you there a trembling heart, failing of eyes, and pining of soul.

66 Your life will hang in doubt before you. You will be afraid night and day, and will have no assurance of your life.

67 In the morning you will say, “I wish it were evening!” and at evening you will say, “I wish it were morning!” for the fear of your heart which you will fear, and for the sights which your eyes will see.

68 Yahweh will bring you into Egypt again with ships, by the way of which I told to you that you would never see it again. There you will sell yourselves to your enemies for male and female slaves, and nobody will buy you.

Summary

This long, sobering chapter sets the two destinies of the covenant side by side. If Israel listens diligently to the Lord's voice and obeys, blessing will overtake them in the city and the field, in body and harvest and herd, in coming in and going out; their enemies will flee, the heavens will give rain, and they will be the head and not the tail among the nations. But the far longer second half spells out the curses that will fall if they will not obey. These move from blighted crops and disease to defeat, drought, madness, and oppression, escalating into siege so terrible that families turn on one another, and finally into exile, where a scattered people find no rest and live in constant dread. The relentless detail is meant to press home how serious covenant unfaithfulness is and how good God's blessing is by contrast. Read in light of the whole Bible, this chapter exposes humanity's inability to earn blessing by perfect obedience, and it sets the stage for the new covenant in which the obedient Son secures blessing for his people and bears the curse in their place.

Main Characters

  • Moses — The covenant mediator who sets blessing and curse before Israel with sobering clarity, urging them to listen diligently to God's voice.
  • Israel — The covenant people facing two possible futures—abundant blessing under obedience or devastating curse under rebellion.
  • Yahweh (the LORD) — The God who delights to bless an obedient people and who warns, with grief and justice, of the consequences of forsaking him.
  • The nations — The surrounding peoples who will either see Israel honored and fear them, or witness their downfall and become an instrument of judgment.

Key Verse

Deuteronomy 28:1 (WEB)

It shall happen, if you shall listen diligently to Yahweh your God’s voice, to observe to do all his commandments which I command you this day, that Yahweh your God will set you high above all the nations of the earth.

Lessons Learned

  • God's commands come with real consequences; obedience and rebellion lead to very different futures.
  • Sin's consequences, once unleashed, tend to escalate and spread far beyond what we imagine.
  • God genuinely desires to bless his people with abundant good.
  • No sinner can secure the blessing by perfect obedience, which points us to our need of a Savior.
  • Blessing follows attentive obedience. “If you shall listen diligently to Yahweh your God’s voice… Yahweh your God will set you high above all the nations” (Deuteronomy 28:1, WEB). God ties flourishing to wholehearted hearing of his word.
  • Joyless service invites judgment. The curses come “because you didn’t serve Yahweh your God with joyfulness, and with gladness of heart” (Deuteronomy 28:47, WEB). God wants glad worship, not grudging duty.
  • Sin's harvest is bitter and far-reaching. The curses sweep “until you are destroyed” and into exile among “all peoples” (Deuteronomy 28:24, 64, WEB). Rebellion never stays contained or small.
  • The curse drives us to Christ. Only One ever obeyed perfectly and so became a curse for us (Galatians 3:13). The blessing we cannot earn, Jesus secures and shares with all who trust him.
  1. Why do you think the curses are described in so much more detail than the blessings?
  2. Verse 47 says the curses came because Israel did not serve God “with joyfulness.” How does the spirit of our obedience matter to God, not just the outward act?
  3. How does reading this chapter make you feel about the seriousness of sin and the goodness of God's blessing?
  4. Since no sinner keeps the whole law, how does this chapter prepare us for the gospel of grace in Christ?
  5. What would it look like for you to serve God this week “with joyfulness, and with gladness of heart” rather than from mere obligation?
  1. The lopsided length is itself a mercy—an extended, urgent warning meant to keep Israel from disaster. God spells out the horror of rebellion so vividly because he longs for them to choose life. The detail is the voice of a God who pleads before he judges.
  2. Verse 47 shows that God cares about the heart behind the deed. Obedience offered without joy reveals a love that has cooled. He is not satisfied with sullen compliance; he desires children who delight in him. Invite honest reflection on the joy of our own obedience.
  3. Let members sit with both realities. Sin is not trivial; its consequences are devastating. Yet the very God who warns so soberly is the God who delights to bless. The chapter is meant to sober us and to make God's grace shine all the brighter.
  4. Because the chapter sets an obedience standard no one meets, it leaves us needing a substitute. This is exactly where the gospel meets us: Christ kept the covenant perfectly, earned the blessing, and bore the curse for us (Gal 3:13). The law's threat magnifies grace.
  5. This is a personal-application question. Encourage members to identify where duty has crowded out delight, and to ask God to renew their joy in him. Keep the tone gentle—joyful obedience is itself a gift of grace, not another burden.

Scripture quotations are from the World English Bible (WEB), the King James Version (KJV), and the American Standard Version (ASV), all of which are in the public domain.